Lesson Structure:  Human Anatomy & Physiology (Human Biology IA) BSC101

Lessons cover cells & tissues, the skeleton, the muscular system, the nervous system, digestion and excretion and physiological systems.

There are 5 lessons:

1 Cells & Tissues

• The Cell
• From Cells to Bodies
• Human Tissues: Epithelial Tissues, Connective Tissues, Fluid Tissues, Muscle Tissues, Nervous Tissue, Cell Division
• Cell Processes: Osmosis and Filtration Nervous Tissue, Filtration, Active transport
• Electro-Chemical Gradient
• Nutrient and Waste Exchange in Cells
• The Skeleton;
• The Skeleton
• Bone Anatomy
• Bone Types
• Joints of Bone
• Bone Movements: Types of
• Fractures and Fracture Healing

2 The Muscular System;

• The Muscular System: Tendons, Deep fascia, Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium, Fascicle, Motor neuron, Blood vessels, Sarcolemma, Muscle fibre
• How Muscles Move (The Simple Version)
• Muscle Fibre (Filament) Types
• Muscle Types
• Smooth Muscle
• Striated Voluntary Muscle
• Skeletal Muscle
• Cardiac Muscle
• Skeletal Muscles Types: Slow Oxidative Fibres, Fast Oxidative Type, Fast Glycolytic Type
• Summary of Selected Skeletal Muscles

3 The Nervous System

• Nerve Cells (Neurons): Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons
• Nerve Terminology: Nucleolus, Nucleus, Neuron, Cytoplasm, Nissi bodies, Neurofibril, Dendrites, Cell body, Mitochondrion, Axon, Neurofibril node, Myelin sheath, Schwann Cell
• The Nervous System
• Main Parts of the Nervous System (CNS)
• The Brain: The Cerebrum, The Olfactory Bulb, The Cerebellum, The Thalamus, Hypothalamus, The Medulla Oblongata
• Other Terms
• The Spinal Cord
• Terms
• The Peripheral Nervous System: The Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves
• The Autonomic Nervous System: Reflex Actions

4 Digestion & Excretion

• The Digestive System
• The Digestive Tract: Mouth, Oesophagus, The Stomach, The Small Intestine, The Large Intestine
• Accessory Digestive Organs: Tongue, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Liver, The Hepatic Artery, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
• Selected Digestive Disorders: Vomiting/Emesis, Peptic Ulcer, Jaundice, Lactose Intolerance, Haemorrhoids (Piles), Cirrhosis
• Excretion: The Kidneys, The Ureters, The Bladder
• The Physiology of the Urinary System

5 Physiological Systems

• Part A: The Endocrine System: Paracrines, Neurotransmitters, Hormones, Neurohormones
• Effects of Endocrine Secretions (Hormones)
• The Trachea
• The Bronchial Tree
• Lungs
• Structure
• The Physiology or Respration: Rate and Depth of Breathing, Gaseous exchange
• Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System: Testes, The Penis
• The Physiology of the Male Reproductive System: Sperm Production, Erection, Ejaculation
• The Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System: The Ovaries, The Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts, The Uterus, The Cervix, The Vagina, The Vulva
• The Physiology of the Female Reproductive System: The Oestrus Cycle, Ovulation
• Fertilisation
• Pregnancy
• Birth: The Birth Process
• The Composition of Blood: Plasma (fluid), Red Blood Cells (cellular element), Blood Platelets (cellular element), White Blood Cells (cellular elements)
• The Functions of the Blood: Clotting Mechanism, Immunity
• The Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
• The Heart
• The Physiology of the Circulatory System
• Systole and Diastole
• Rates of Heart Beats (pulse rates)
• The Spleen
• The LymphaticSystem
• Circulatory Networks

Learning Goals:    Human Anatomy & Physiology (Human Biology IA) BSC101

• To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.
• Explain features of the human skeletal system.
• Describe the human muscular system, in terms of structure and basic function.
• Explain the human nervous system, in terms of structure and basic functions.
• Explain different physiological systems of digestion and excretion in the body.
• Explain different physiological systems of the body.

Practicals:

• Observe parts of the and identify parts of the human body
• Dissect an animal heart (obtained from a butcher)
• Observe different types of animal tissues (obtained from a butcher)
• Prepare a summary explaining the function of the main types of human body tissues.
• Explain, in your own words, different problems that can occur with different human tissues.
• Explain cellular division (mitosis and meiosis)
• Explain problems that can occur with different bones
• Explain the purpose of different structural components of muscle tissue, in an human muscle
• of your choice.
• Explain the function of a typical nerve cell, using words and illustrations.
• Explain the function of the central nervous system, using words and illustrations
• Describe different physiological processes which occur in the digestive system.
• Describe different physiological processes which occur in a properly functioning excretory system.
• Broadly classify the effects of hormones
• Explain different processes which occur in a properly functioning endocrine system.
• Describe the anatomy of the lung
• List the parts of the respiratory system
• Define inspiration and expiration
• Discuss the trachea
• Explain processes that occur in a properly functioning respiratory system.
• Draw and label diagrams of the parts of respiratory system
• Research further information relevant to human anatomy and physiology, using resources available to you (which may be different for different students)

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