Lesson Structure: Anatomy and Physiology (Human Biology IA) BSC101

Lessons cover cells & tissues, the skeleton, the muscular system, the nervous system, digestion and excretion and physiological systems.

1 Cells & Tissues;

• The Cell
• From Cells to Bodies
• Human Tissues: Epithelial Tissues, Connective Tissues, Fluid Tissues, Muscle Tissues, Nervous Tissue, Cell Division
• Cell Processes: Osmosis and Filtration Nervous Tissue, Filtration, Active transport
• Electro-Chemical Gradient
• Nutrient and Waste Exchange in Cells
• The Skeleton;
• The Skeleton
• Bone Anatomy
• Bone Types
• Joints of Bone
• Bone Movements: Types of
• Fractures and Fracture Healing

2 The Muscular System;

• The Muscular System: Tendons, Deep fascia, Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium, Fascicle, Motor neuron, Blood vessels, Sarcolemma, Muscle fibre
• How Muscles Move (The Simple Version)
• Muscle Fibre (Filament) Types
• Muscle Types
• Smooth Muscle
• Striated Voluntary Muscle
• Skeletal Muscle
• Cardiac Muscle
• Skeletal Muscles Types: Slow Oxidative Fibres, Fast Oxidative Type, Fast Glycolytic Type
• Summary of Selected Skeletal Muscles

3 The Nervous System

• Nerve Cells (Neurons): Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons
• Nerve Terminology: Nucleolus, Nucleus, Neuron, Cytoplasm, Nissi bodies, Neurofibril, Dendrites, Cell body, Mitochondrion, Axon, Neurofibril node, Myelin sheath, Schwann Cell
• The Nervous System
• Main Parts of the Nervous System (CNS)
• The Brain: The Cerebrum, The Olfactory Bulb, The Cerebellum, The Thalamus, Hypothalamus, The Medulla Oblongata
• Other Terms
• The Spinal Cord
• Terms
• The Peripheral Nervous System: The Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves
• The Autonomic Nervous System: Reflex Actions

4 Digestion & Excretion

• The Digestive System
• The Digestive Tract: Mouth, Oesophagus, The Stomach, The Small Intestine, The Large Intestine
• Accessory Digestive Organs: Tongue, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Liver, The Hepatic Artery, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
• Selected Digestive Disorders: Vomiting/Emesis, Peptic Ulcer, Jaundice, Lactose Intolerance, Haemorrhoids (Piles), Cirrhosis
• Excretion: The Kidneys, The Ureters, The Bladder
• The Physiology of the Urinary System

5 Physiological Systems

• Part A: The Endocrine System: Paracrines, Neurotransmitters, Hormones, Neurohormones
• Effects of Endocrine Secretions (Hormones)
• The Trachea
• The Bronchial Tree
• Lungs
• Structure
• The Physiology or Respration: Rate and Depth of Breathing, Gaseous exchange
• Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System: Testes, The Penis
• The Physiology of the Male Reproductive System: Sperm Production, Erection, Ejaculation
• The Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System: The Ovaries, The Fallopian Tubes or Oviducts, The Uterus, The Cervix, The Vagina, The Vulva
• The Physiology of the Female Reproductive System: The Oestrus Cycle, Ovulation
• Fertilisation
• Pregnancy
• Birth: The Birth Process
• The Composition of Blood: Plasma (fluid), Red Blood Cells (cellular element), Blood Platelets (cellular element), White Blood Cells (cellular elements)
• The Functions of the Blood: Clotting Mechanism, Immunity
• The Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
• The Heart
• The Physiology of the Circulatory System
• Systole and Diastole
• Rates of Heart Beats (pulse rates)
• The Spleen
• The LymphaticSystem
• Circulatory Networks

Learning Goals:    Anatomy and Physiology (Human Biology IA) BSC101

• To explain the human body at a microscopic level, including the structure and function of cells, tissues and membranes.
• Explain features of the human skeletal system.
• Describe the human muscular system, in terms of structure and basic function.
• Explain the human nervous system, in terms of structure and basic functions.
• Explain different physiological systems of digestion and excretion in the body.
• Explain different physiological systems of the body.

Practicals:

• Observe parts of the and identify parts of the human body
• Dissect an animal heart (obtained from a butcher)
• Observe different types of animal tissues (obtained from a butcher)
• Prepare a summary explaining the function of the main types of human body tissues.
• Explain, in your own words, different problems that can occur with different human tissues.
• Explain cellular division (mitosis and meiosis)
• Explain problems that can occur with different bones
• Explain the purpose of different structural components of muscle tissue, in an human muscle
• of your choice.
• Explain the function of a typical nerve cell, using words and illustrations.
• Explain the function of the central nervous system, using words and illustrations
• Describe different physiological processes which occur in the digestive system.
• Describe different physiological processes which occur in a properly functioning excretory system.
• Broadly classify the effects of hormones
• Explain different processes which occur in a properly functioning endocrine system.
• Describe the anatomy of the lung
• List the parts of the respiratory system
• Define inspiration and expiration
• Discuss the trachea
• Explain processes that occur in a properly functioning respiratory system.
• Draw and label diagrams of the parts of respiratory system
• Research further information relevant to human anatomy and physiology, using resources available to you (which may be different for different students)

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Here is a list of the most often asked FAQ’s.

General

Q. Why should I enrol with the Academy for Distance Learning?
A. Here at ADL, our students are our priority – we treat everyone as a unique individual.

Q. Do I need to buy text books?
A. No, as each module has been written by highly qualified industry professionals. The content of the material is presented in such a way that text books are not required. However, if you require additional reading your tutor will be able to supply a list.

Q. What happens if I have to stop studying for a while? (eg. become sick, go on holidays, have a baby, move house, etc)
A. It’s OK to take a break and start up your study at a later point in time. Just let us know.

Q. Is there an age limit?
A. There is no maximum age limit. We do however, have a minimum age limit of 18 years. Below that age parental consent would be required.

Q. Are your courses up-to date?
A. Our courses are revised and updated on a rotation system.

Q. Do you have a Cancellation policy?
A. Yes. We have a cancellation policy that is fair and equitable. For further details please click here.

Q. Will I have any opportunity to engage with other students?
A. We have a Student Community group based on facebook! If you don’t have a facebook account already, you could make one just for talking with fellow students on the group.

Enrolment

Q. When can I enrol/start?
A. You may enrol and start at any time of the year – it’s all self- paced.

Q. Can I study from anywhere in the world?
A. Our courses are available to anyone, anywhere in the world from the comfort of your own home. The course content is relevant to any country, culture or economy.

Q. How long do I have to complete the course?
A. You complete the course at any time that is convenient for you.

Q. Completing a 100 hour module – how long will it take?
A. For some students a 100 hour module will take approximately to 3- 6 months to complete. Others take less time and some even longer.

Assessment

Q. Assessment – how does it work?
A. For each 100 hour module you are assessed by assignments (at the end of each lesson) and a final one and a half hour exam (or you may elect to complete a Project, instead of sitting the exam) – the choice is yours – you sit for the exam in your own location.

Q. I don’t cope well with exams – what can I do?
A. You may elect to undertake a Project (set by your tutor) instead of sitting the exam. Projects are completed from your home and can usually take a couple of weeks to complete.

Q. If my assignment is not up to standard is there an opportunity to resubmit my work?
A. Yes –

Q. How many assignments do I need to complete for each module?
A. At the end of each lesson, there is an assignment – so if a course has say, 10 lessons, there would be 10 assignments.

Q. I am having difficulty attending workshops/industry meetings, what can be done?
A. If your course requires attendance at workshops, conferences, or industry meetings; alternative arrangements can be made in your country.

Qualifications

Q. What qualification will I receive?
A. For individual modules, you would be awarded a Certificate endorsed by TQUK (Training Qualifications, UK), providing you complete all assignments and the exam. If you just want to complete only the assignments and not sit for the exam or finish a Project, then a Letter of Achievement would be awarded. For more details on qualifications available please click here.

Q. Can I customize my diploma/higher qualification?
A. Not all educational institution’s certificates /diplomas meet everyone’s needs. The opportunity to Design Your Own Diploma at the Academy (subject to our approval) is an added bonus, not found at other colleges. You choose modules that you think will help you in achieving your goal.

Q. What do I get when I complete the course? Will I receive a transcript?
A. At the completion of all courses and providing all assignments and exam requirements have been met, you will receive your Award and a Transcript.

Tutors

Q. Our tutors – who are they?
A. We appoint Tutors and require that they must be currently active in their industry, with at least 5 years’ experience in their chosen profession.

Q. Can I contact my tutor at any time?
A. Yes – you have unlimited access to your tutor via email through our Online Classroom. You can always leave a message with ADL requesting your tutor to contact you. You decide on how much or how little contact you wish to have.

Q. Practical work – How is this done?
A. To find out more about this part of the course please visit the section on How Our Courses Work here.