Lesson Structure:Medical Terminology BSC109

1  Scope and Nature of Medical Terminology

• Origins of Words
• Structure of Words
• Prefix Examples
• Suffix Examples

2  Anatomical Structure

• Example of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes
• Location of Organs
• Brain Structure
• Skeletal System
• Position
• Word Forms, Abbreviations and Symbols

3  Medical Equipment and Processes

• Diagnostic and Surgical Procedures and Equipment
• Storage and Handling of Medicines
• Sterilising Equipment
• Bacteria: Observing Through a Microscope (Microscopy), Gram Staining, Diagnostic Microbiology, Research Microbiology, Common Bacteria You May Encounter in a Medical Setting
• Types of Wounds
• Problems resulting from Wounds
• Treating Wounds: Cleaning Wounds, Granulating Wounds
• Electrolytes
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

4  Pharmacological Terminology

• Medicinal Terminology (including Alternative and Herbal): Abortifacients and Irritants, Ace Inhibitors, Alkaloids, Allergens, Alpha Blockers, Alternatives, Anthelmintics, Antibiotics, Antihistamines, Antitussives, Astringents, Beta Blockers, Bitter Tonics, Carcinogens, Carminatives and Aromatics, Cathartics, Cellular Respiratory Inhibitors, Decongestant, Demulcents, Diuretics, Expectorants, Furanocoumarins, Glycocides, Hormone-Like Effects, Nervines, Photosensitisers, Plant Acids, Polyynes, Polyynes, Teratogens, Vasodilators And Vasoconstrictors
• Over the Counter and Prescription Drugs: Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anti-Anxiety Agents, Analgesics (mild pain relievers), Opiates (strong pain relievers, generally highly restricted due to addiction and respiratory side effects), Anti-Allergy Agents, Antipsychotic or Antidepressant Agents, Antihypertensives, Anti-Motion Sickness Agents, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Ophthalmic Agents (topical preparations), Antibiotics (generally sold by their trade name and not by the antibiotic name)
• Terminology for OTC and Prescription Drugs: Steroids, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Anti-Psychotic Drugs, Anti Depressants
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

5  Musculoskeletal System

• Major Muscles
• Musculature
• The Relationship between the Muscles and Skeleton
• Bone and Joint Problems
• Disorders of the Musculosketal System
• Examples of Prefixes

6  Cardiovascular, Lymphatic and Immune Systems

• Parts of the Body
• The Circulation
• Systole and Diastole
• Disorders of the Cardiovascular System: Heart Disease, Heart Attack, Arrhythmias and Abnormal Blood Pressure, Pericarditis/Tamponade
• The Lymphatic System and Immunity: Lymphatic Organs, Leukocytes, Leukocyte Diagnostic Terminology
• Vaccination: Immunity
• Types of Immunity: Natural active, Artificial active, Artificial passive, How Vaccines Work, Types of Vaccine
• Disorders of the Immune System
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

7  Respiratory and Reproductive Systems

• Parts of the Body
• The Respiratory System: The Lungs, Respiration, Pulmonary Circulation, Gas Exchange, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Diagnostic Procedures for the Lungs and Airways, Respiratory Disorders
• The Reproductive System: The Male Reproductive System, he Female Reproductive System, Pregnancy, Parturition, Caesarean Section, VBAC and Multiple Gestation, Premature Birth and Miscarriage, Reproductive Disorders (Male and Female)
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

8  Digestive and Excretory Systems

• Digestive System
• The Renal System: Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder, Urethra
• Disorders of the Digestive and Renal Systems  
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

9  Integumentary System (Skin)

• Integumentary System: Parts of the Body, Structure of the Integument, Disorders, Diagnostic Procedures
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

10 Nervous and Sensory Systems

• Disorders of the Nervous System
• Disorders of the Sensory Systems 
• Diagnostic Procedures for Nervous Disorders
• Diagnostic Procedures for Sensory Disorders 
• Examples of Prefixes
• Example of Suffixes

Learning Goals:Medical Terminology BSC109

• Explain the scope and nature of terminology used in medicine and allied professions.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe general anatomical features, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words which describe medical tools, equipment and procedures.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe pharmacological terms.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the musculoskeletal system, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the cardiovascular, lymphatic and immune systems, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the respiratory and reproductive systems, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the digestive and excretory systems, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the skin, including disorders.
• Identify the meaning of words that describe physiological and anatomical features in the nervous and sensory systems, including disorders.

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Exerpt from the Course

A 

AA Alcoholics Anonymous

AAA Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

ABG Arterial Blood Gases

ABMT Autologous bone marrow transplantation

ABVD Doxorubicin bleomycin vinblastine dacarbazine

a.c. Before food from the Latin, ante cibum

ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme

ACEI Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

ACL Anterior cruciate ligament

ACS American College of Surgeons

ACTH Andrenocorticoid hormone

ADA Andenosine deaminase

ADD Attention Deficit Disorder

ADH Antidiuretic hormone

ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

AF Atrial fibrillation

AFO Ankle-foot orthosis

AFP Alpha-fetoprotein

AHF Antihemophilic factor

AHG Antihemophilic globulin

AI Artificial insemination

AICD Automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator

AID Artificial insemination by donor

AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AIH Artificial insemination by husband

ALG Antilymphocytic globulin

ALL Acute Lymphocytic leukaemia

ALPS Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

ALS Advanced Life Support

ALT Alanine Transfer

AMA Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

AMA Australian Medical Association

AMA American Medical Association

AMC Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

AML Acute myelocytic leukaemia

AMP Adenosine monophosphate

AMS Atypical measles syndrome

ANA Anti-nuclear bodies

ANCA Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

ANF Atrial natriuretic factor

ANF Anti-natriuretic factor

ANP Anti-natriuretic peptide

ANP Atrial natriuretic peptide

ANUG Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

AP Alkaline Phosphatase

APECED Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy

APLS Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

APSAC Anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex

APS Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

APTT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

ARC Aids related complex

ARDS Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ART Antiretroviral therapy

ARM Artificial rupture of membranes

ASA Acetylsalicylic acid – commonly known as aspirin

AS Aortic stenosis

ASCD Arteriosclerosis coronary artery disease

ASD Atrial septal defect

ASO Antistreptolysine O

AST Asparagine Transferase

ATG Antithymic globulin

AT-III Antithrombin III

ATP Acute thrombocytopenic purpura

ATP Adenosine triphosphate

AVM Arteriovenous malformation

AVR Aortic valve replacement

AZT Azidothymidine

B

BAL Brochoalveolar lavage

BAL British anti-lewisite

BAO Basic acid output

BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerain ( a tuberculosis vaccine)

b.d. Twice daily from the Latin, bis die

BE Base excess

BK Bacterium Koch

BMC Bone mass content

BMD Bone mass density

BMI Body mass index

BMR Basal metabolic rate

BMT Bone marrow transplantation

BNF British National Formulary

BNP Brain natriuretic peptide

BP Blood Pressure

BP Bipolar disorder

BPD Borderline personality disorder

BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia

BPM Beats per minute

BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

BSP Bromsulphthalein

BUN Blood urea nitrogen

C

CABG Coronary arterial bypass graft

cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Ca Carcinoma

CAH Chronic active hepatitis

CAH Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

CAT Computed axial tomography

CAPD Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention

CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen

CF Cystic fibrosis

cGMP Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

ChE Cholinesterase

CHE Cholinesterase

CHF Congestive heart failure

CI Confidence interval

CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

CK Creatine kinase

CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

CML Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia

CMML Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia

CMV Cytomegalovirus

COLD Chronic obstructive lung disease

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CO Cardiac output

CO Carbon monoxide

COX-1 Cyclooxygenase 1

COX-2 Cyclooxygenase 2

CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure

CPK Creatine Phosphokinase

CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CREST Calcinosis Raynaud Oesophagus Sclerosis Teleangiectasiae

CRF Chronic renal failure

CRH Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

CRI Chronic renal insufficiency

CRF Corticotropin releasing factor

CRP C-reactive protein

CR Complete remission

CS Caesarean section

CsA Cyclosporin A

CSF Cerebrospinal fluid

CT Computed axial tomography

CVA Central venous pressure

CVID Common Variable Immunodeficiency

D

DPB Diastolic blood pressure

DCM Dilated cardiomyopathy

DDD Daily defined doses

DHEA-S Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

DHE Dihydoergotamine

DIC Disseminated intravacular coagulation

DPT Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus

DiPerTe Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus

DiTe Diphtheria Tetanus

DM Diabetes Mellitus

DNA Desoxyribonucleic acid

DNR Do Not Resuscitate

DO Doctor of Optometry or Doctor of Osteopathy

DOA Dead on Arrival

DTP Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis

DT Diphtheria Tetanus

DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis

DEXA Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry

E

EACA Epsilon- aminocaproic acid

EBM Evidence based medicine

ECG Electrocardiogram

EDRF Endothelium- derived relaxing factor

EEG Electroencephalogram

EKG Electrocardiogram

ECPW Endoskopowa cholangiopankreatografia wsteczna

E Erythrocytes

EF Ejection Fraction

EGP Epidermal Growth Factor

EKG Electrocardiogram

EMLSCS Emergency lower segment Caesarean Section

ELLSCS Elective lower segment Caesarean Section

ELISA Enzyme – linked Immunosorbent Assay

EMC Encephalomyocarditis

EMF Endomyocardial fibrosis

EMG Electromyography

ENT Ear Neck and Throat (Otolaryngology)

EPH Edema Proteinuria Hypertension

EPO Erythropoietin

ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

ESR Erythocyte sedimentation rate

ESWL Extracorporal Shockwave Lithotripsy

ET Endothelin

ETOH Ethanol or ethyl alcohol

EUS Endoscopic Ultrasonography